Creates a tuple from the given array, with elements casted to the given types.

Tuple(String, Int64).from(["world", 2])       # => {"world", 2}
Tuple(String, Int64).from(["world", 2]).class # => {String, Int64}

See also: #from.

Creates a tuple that will contain the given arguments.

This method is useful in macros and generic code because with it you can creates empty tuples, something that you can't do with a tuple literal.

Tuple.new(1, "hello", 'x') #=> {1, "hello", 'x'}
Tuple.new                  #=> {}

{}                         # syntax error

Returns a tuple that contains self's elements followed by other's elements.

t1 = {1, 2}
t2 = {"foo", "bar"}
t3 = t1 + t2
t3         # => {1, 2, "foo", "bar"}
typeof(t3) # => Tuple(Int32, Int32, String, String)

Implements the comparison operator.

Each object in each tuple is compared (using the #<=> operator).

Tuples are compared in an "element-wise" manner; the first element of this tuple is compared with the first one of other using the #<=> operator, then each of the second elements, etc. As soon as the result of any such comparison is non zero (i.e. the two corresponding elements are not equal), that result is returned for the whole tuple comparison.

If all the elements are equal, then the result is based on a comparison of the tuple sizes. Thus, two tuples are "equal" according to #<=> if, and only if, they have the same size and the value of each element is equal to the value of the corresponding element in the other tuple.

{"a", "a", "c"} <=> {"a", "b", "c"} # => -1
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} <=> {1, 2}       # => +1
{1, 2} <=> {1, 2.0}                 # => 0

See also: Object#<=>.

Implements the comparison operator.

Each object in each tuple is compared (using the #<=> operator).

Tuples are compared in an "element-wise" manner; the first element of this tuple is compared with the first one of other using the #<=> operator, then each of the second elements, etc. As soon as the result of any such comparison is non zero (i.e. the two corresponding elements are not equal), that result is returned for the whole tuple comparison.

If all the elements are equal, then the result is based on a comparison of the tuple sizes. Thus, two tuples are "equal" according to #<=> if, and only if, they have the same size and the value of each element is equal to the value of the corresponding element in the other tuple.

{"a", "a", "c"} <=> {"a", "b", "c"} # => -1
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} <=> {1, 2}       # => +1
{1, 2} <=> {1, 2.0}                 # => 0

See also: Object#<=>.

Returns true if this tuple has the same size as the other tuple and their elements are equal to each other when compared with #==.

t1 = {1, "hello"}
t2 = {1.0, "hello"}
t3 = {2, "hello"}

t1 == t2 # => true
t1 == t3 # => false

Returns true if this tuple has the same size as the other tuple and their elements are equal to each other when compared with #==.

t1 = {1, "hello"}
t2 = {1.0, "hello"}
t3 = {2, "hello"}

t1 == t2 # => true
t1 == t3 # => false

Returns true if case equality holds for the elements in self and other.

{1, 2} === {1, 2} # => true
{1, 2} === {1, 3} # => false

See also: Object#===.

Returns true if self and other have the same size and case equality holds for the elements in self and other.

{1, 2} === {1, 2, 3}             # => false
{/o+/, "bar"} === {"foo", "bar"} # => true

See also: Object#===.

Returns the element at the given index. Read the type docs to understand the difference between indexing with a number literal or a variable.

tuple = {1, "hello", 'x'}
tuple[0] # => 1 (Int32)
tuple[3] # compile error: index out of bounds for tuple {Int32, String, Char}

i = 0
tuple[i] # => 1 (Int32 | String | Char)

i = 3
tuple[i] # raises IndexError

Returns the element at the given index or nil if out of bounds.

tuple = {1, "hello", 'x'}
tuple[0]? # => 1
tuple[3]? # => nil

Returns the element at the given index or raises IndexError if out of bounds.

tuple = {1, "hello", 'x'}
tuple.at(0) # => 1
tuple.at(3) # raises IndexError

Returns the element at the given index or the value returned by the block if out of bounds.

tuple = {1, "hello", 'x'}
tuple.at(0) { 10 } # => 1
tuple.at(3) { 10 } # => 10

Returns a tuple containing cloned elements of this tuple using the #clone method.

Yields each of the elements in this tuple.

tuple = {1, "hello", 'x'}
tuple.each do |value|
  puts value
end

Output:

1
"hello"
'x'

Returns the first element of this tuple. Doesn't compile if the tuple is empty.

tuple = {1, 2.5}
tuple.first # => 1

Returns the first element of this tuple, or nil if this is the empty tuple.

tuple = {1, 2.5}
tuple.first? # => 1

empty = Tuple.new
empty.first? # => nil

Expects to be called on a tuple of types, creates a tuple from the given array, with types casted appropriately.

This allows you to easily pass an array as individual arguments to a method.

def speak_about(thing : String, n : Int64)
  "I see #{n} #{thing}s"
end

data = JSON.parse(%(["world", 2])).as_a
speak_about(*{String, Int64}.from(data)) # => "I see 2 worlds"

Returns a hash value based on this tuple's length and contents.

See also: Object#hash.

Same as #to_s.

Returns the last element of this tuple. Doesn't compile if the tuple is empty.

tuple = {1, 2.5}
tuple.last # => 2.5

Returns the last element of this tuple, or nil if this is the empty tuple.

tuple = {1, 2.5}
tuple.last? # => 2.5

empty = Tuple.new
empty.last? # => nil

Returns a new tuple where elements are mapped by the given block.

tuple = {1, 2.5, "a"}
tuple.map &.to_s # => {"1", "2.5", "a"}

Returns a new tuple where the elements are in reverse order.

tuple = {1, 2.5, "a"}
tuple.reverse # => {"a", 2.5, 1}

Yields each of the elements in this tuple in reverse order.

tuple = {1, "hello", 'x'}
tuple.reverse_each do |value|
  puts value
end

Output:

'x'
"hello"
1

Returns the number of elements in this tuple.

{'a', 'b'}.size # => 2

Appends a string representation of this tuple to the given IO.

tuple = {1, "hello"}
tuple.to_s # => "{1, \"hello\"}"

Returns the types of this tuple.

tuple = {1, "hello", 'x'}
tuple.types # => Tuple(Int32, String, Char)